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Hypertension and Hypothyroidism: A Thyroid Dysfunction Frequently Associated with Abnormal Dietary Iodine Intake (Monografia o trattato scientifico)

Type

Monografia o trattato scientifico (Classe)
Prodotto della ricerca (Classe)

Label

Hypertension and Hypothyroidism: A Thyroid Dysfunction Frequently Associated with Abnormal Dietary Iodine Intake (Monografia o trattato scientifico) (literal)

Anno

2008-01-01T00:00:00+01:00 (literal)

Alternative label

Iervasi G.; Fommei E. (2008)
Hypertension and Hypothyroidism: A Thyroid Dysfunction Frequently Associated with Abnormal Dietary Iodine Intake
Academic Press Elsevier Inc, London UK, 2008
(literal)

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Iervasi G.; Fommei E. (literal)

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London UK (literal)

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14 p. London UK: Academic Press Elsevier Inc, 2008. (literal)

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Hypertension is a very common disorder. One-third of the US population has hypertension or is under antihypertensive medication. In addition, 45 million adults in the United States (20% of the total population) suffer from prehypertension. Hypertension cannot be classifi ed solely by discrete blood pressure (BP) thresholds. An important emerging concept is that hypertension is frequently associated with additional co-morbidities that contribute to increasing cardiovascular risk. Actually, hypertension represents a major risk factor for vascular, cardiac, renal and cerebral pathology, so that the existence of the so-called target organ damage (in vessels, heart, kidneys and brain) is a criterion for assessing the clinical severity of the disease. Hypothyroidism represents the most common thyroid function disorder; worldwide, the prevalence of hypothyroidism varies with iodine intake and clearly increases with age, reaching up to 20% in women aged more than 60 years. The foremost cause of congenital hypothyroidism remains endemic iodine defi ciency and, in adults, chronic autoimmune (Hashimoto's) thyroiditis, which is more common in geographic areas of higher dietary iodine. The results obtained from the bulk of the studies suggest a convincing association between hypertension and hypothyroidism, with a prevalence of hypertension in hypothyroid subjects, particularly of elevated diastolic BP, nearly triple than that seen in the general population. In subjects over 50 years of age, the overall data indicate a 30% prevalence of hypertension in hypothyroid subjects. Moreover, population-based studies revealed the presence of unrecognized hypothyroidism in 3 - 5% of untreated hypertensive patients, and indicate the existence of a continuous linear relationship between thyroid function and cardiovascular risk concerning both the atherogenic and metabolic profi les. However, the observed association between hypothyroidism and hypertension p0010 does not prove a causal relationship. Considerable further research is required on the mechanisms of diseases and, in particular, the relationships between a hypothyroid state and other (neuro)endocrine systems that may determine and worsen a hypertensive state. At the same time, new learning is necessary to increase our understanding of the role of thyroid hormone defi ciency in target organ damage induced by hypertension. (literal)

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