Metodi e sistemi per il monitoraggio del patrimonio lapideo in esterno. L'antico ponte in pietra di Zhiyu nel Summer Palace (Beijng) e le statue del giardino storico di Villa Corsi Salviati

Responsabili di progetto

Cristiano Riminesi, Yuhua Wu

Accordo

CINA - CACH - Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage

Bando

CNR/CACH 2016-2018

Dipartimento

Scienze umane e sociali, patrimonio culturale

Area tematica

Scienze umane e sociali, patrimonio culturale

Stato del progetto

Nuovo

Proposta di ricerca

The best practices of a conservation and maintenance work pass through a pilot yard. In this project two case study has been selected, the ancient Stone Bridge of Zhiyu in the Summer Palace (SBZ) and the statues in the historical garden of Villa Corsi Salviati (VCS). The subject material are the outdoor stone artefacts. The target of the project is the sharing of experience about methods and tools for diagnostic and monitoring in the preliminary step conservation works: cleaning, desalination, structural consolidating, and application of consolidating and/or water-repellent treatment.
Most of the test methods and tools for diagnostic and monitoring are carried out on site using a small number of non-destructive testing - rugged, reliable and at low-cost - aimed at evaluating the conservation status of the artefact by means of the measuring of some physical/chemical features, both before and after the tests of intervention.
During the project a survey about of the most diffused protocols, methods and tools currently used in Italy and in China, is presented. A critical review of benefits and drawbacks, possibilities and problems offered by specific testing systems in collecting evidences, will be carried out.
The activities in the project will follow the below crucial points
- Definition of the initial state of conservation of the artefact by portable non-destructive diagnostic tools, that will be suitable to characterize the materials and to focusing the subsequent sampling activities. The samples will be investigated in laboratory using conventional instrumentation: optical microscope (in reflected mode with VIS and UV light), optical microscope in polarized light for the petrographic investigation of thin sections, X-ray diffractometer, FTIR spectrometer, Scanning electron microscope equipped with an EDS tool for the elemental analyses.
The time zero determined for the state of conservation is in reality a "virtual" zero condition because the artefact have been realized since over 1000 years and exposed to the impact of the environment and o the climate changes due to also the industrialization process (pollution).
However whatever the specific conditions of the parameters we determined, it was a starting point for our monitoring campaign. The campaign is scheduled for 2 years period however, as the case studies are made with different materials and are located in different "environment", the time step of the monitoring and physical-chemical parameters monitored for each object will be tailored by the scientific team involved in the campaign.
- Selection of devices and sensors for monitoring and their installation (time zero, T0). The selection of appropriate devices, sensors and methods for monitoring it is a consequence of the interpretation of the results from diagnostic activities. These types of sensors will be considered for monitoring:
o Sensors for monitoring basic climatic parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, infrared, visible and UV light irradiation, wind velocity, rain, pH, ... , near the artefacts that must be monitored and controlled
o Sensors for control pollutants and other natural agents presents on air
o Sensors assessing the structural degradation and surface alteration of historical objects or their parts
o Sensors for control of the biodegradation on historical surfaces of objects
- Definition of intervention tests for conservation and maintenance (T0+8 months). Once that we know the state of conservation of the artefact and through the first results of monitoring we evaluated the progression of degradation respect with the environmental parameters will be carried out oriented tests on selected areas both for the treatment of stone surfaces with consolidating/protective products and biocides, and structural consolidation in preparation for the restoration of the building.
The results of the monitoring and analysis methods will allow the choice of solutions for maintenance strategies.

Obiettivi della ricerca

Validation of methods, tools, and protocols for the diagnostic and monitoring of outdoor stone heritage finalized to the conservation and the scheduled maintenance.
The sharing of good practice in international scenarios improves the effectiveness of the proposed approach in the conservation of stone artifacts in the Cultural Heritage

Ultimo aggiornamento: 23/06/2025